1838 mormon war vigilantes crossword

[38], The Mormons also visited Sheriff William Morgan and several other leading Daviess County citizens, also forcing some of them to sign statements disavowing any ties to the vigilance committees. . And Subsequent Expulsion. Language: Joseph Smith, returning to Far West from De Witt, was informed by General Doniphan of the deteriorating situation. Tensions built up between the rapidly growing Mormon community and the earlier settlers for a number of reasons: These tensions led to harassment and mob violence against the Mormon settlers. One historian notes that Governor Boggs was running for election against several violent men, all capable of the deed, and that there was no particular reason to suspect Rockwell of the crime. Several children also became ill during the ordeal and died later. [101] The militia was disbanded in late November.[1]. [12], At the same time, a leadership struggle between the church presidency and Missouri leaders led to the excommunication of several high-placed Mormon leaders, including Oliver Cowdery (one of the Three Witnesses and the church's original "second elder"), David Whitmer (another of the Three Witnesses and Stake President of the Missouri Church), as well as John Whitmer, Hiram Page, William Wines Phelps and others. Members of the Latter Day Saint movement, founded by Joseph Smith, had gradually migrated from New York to northwestern Missouri since 1831, mainly settling in Jackson County, where tensions with non-Mormon residents led to episodes of anti-Mormon violence. Although he had refrained from stopping the illegal anti-Mormon siege of De Witt, he now mustered 2,500 State Militia to put down the Mormon insurrection against the state. Citizens in Saline, Howard, Jackson, Chariton, Ray, and other nearby counties organized vigilance committees sympathetic to the Carroll County expulsion party. Even militia commanders such as Clark, Doniphan, and Atchison who were sympathetic to the Mormons came to see a military response as the only way to bring the situation under control.[69]. The Livingston men became thoroughly imbued with the same spirit, and were eager for the raid feel[ing] an extraordinary sympathy for the outrages suffered by their neighbors[80], Although it had just been issued, it is unlikely that the governor's "Extermination Order" would have already reached these men, and in any event it would not have authorized them to cross into Caldwell County to raid. The Mormons' economic cohesion allowed for them to dominate the local economy and also became a large voting bloc, threatening the interests of the . . [27] Two days after Rigdon preached his Salt Sermon, 80 prominent Mormons including Hyrum Smith signed the so-called Danite Manifesto, which warned the dissenters to "depart or a more fatal calamity shall befall you." When the Missourian raiders approached the settlement on the afternoon of October 30, some 30 to 40 Latter Day Saint families were living or encamped there. Most refugees made their way east to Illinois, where residents of the town of Quincy helped them. Joseph Smith vehemently denied Bennett's account, speculating that Boggsno longer governor, but campaigning for state senatewas attacked by an election opponent. 30 August: Governor Lilburn W. Boggs . 17 June . Format: Paperback. [26][28][29], On July 4, Rigdon gave an oration, which was characterized by Mormon historian Brigham Henry Roberts as a "'Declaration of Independence' from all mobs and persecutions". [71] According to one Mormon witness, the deaths "threw a gloom over the whole place".[72]. De Witt possessed a strategically important location near the intersection of the Grand River and the Missouri River. While Mormon women and children scattered and hid in the surrounding woods and nearby homes, Mormon men and boys rallied to defend the settlement. List Price: $35.00. Both sides had vigilante groups who plundered and destroyed property. [74], While the State Militia gathered, Missouri unorganized Militia continued to act on their own, driving Mormons inward to Far West and Adam-ondi-Ahman. On the afternoon of October 30, 1838, a vigilante force of more than two hundred armed men attacked and raided the small settlement known as Hawn's Mill in eastern Caldwell County, Missouri. Dunn, acting under the orders of Doniphan, continued on to Adam-ondi-Ahman. "[60] Some Latter Day Saints claimed that some of the Missourians burned their own homes in order to blame the Mormons. Hinkle and other Mormon leaders informed the men that they would fight. Possibly playing on Rigdon's July 4 sermon that talked of a "war of extermination," Boggs issued Missouri Executive Order 44, also known as the "Extermination Order," which stated that "the Mormons must be treated as enemies, and must be exterminated or driven from the State if necessary for the public peace"[71] The Extermination Order was finally rescinded on June 25, 1976 by Governor Christopher Samuel "Kit" Bond.[72][73]. Office of the Secretary of State of Missouri (1841). Samuel Bogart.jpg 526 703; 168 KB. Put new text under old text. When Joseph Smith and volunteers rode to Adam-ondi-Ahman to assess the situation, they discovered there were no truths to the rumors. In this major new interpretation of those events, LeSueur argues that while a number of prejudices and fears stimulated the . [36], When about thirty Latter Day Saints approached the polling place, a Missourian named Dick Weldon declared that in Clay County the Mormons had not been allowed to vote, "no more than negroes". Amazon.com: The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri (Volume 1): 9780826207296: LeSueur, Stephen C.: Libros. You can also get a slight stat buff from the equipment investments. Answer (1 of 3): Original question: What was the cause of the Mormon War? Mormon vigilantes, including many Danites, raided two towns believed to be centers of anti-Mormon activity, burning homes and stealing goods.22 Though . [13][102] The court of inquiry began November 12, 1838. It should also be noted that none of the participants in the raid ever cited the order as justification for their actions. [34], At the start of the brawl, Mormon John Butler let out a call, "Oh yes, you Danites, here is a job for us!" By. Sampson Avard (October 23, 1800 - April 15, 1869) was one of the founders and leaders of the Mormon vigilantes known as the Danites . As a result of the war, nearly all Mormons in Missouri, estimated at more than ten thousand, were forced to leave the state. The 1838 Mormon War, also known as the Missouri Mormon War, was a conflict between Mormons and non-Mormons in Missouri from August to November 1838, the first of the three Mormon Wars. "[60], The Missourians evicted from their homes were no better prepared than the Mormon refugees had been. Finding 10-year-old Sardius Smith hiding behind the bellows, William Reynolds of Livingston County shot and killed the boy, saying: "Nits will make lice, and if he had lived he would have become a Mormon"[74] Finally, the Mormons who had taken up arms were to leave the state. [61], Many Latter Day Saints were greatly troubled by the occurrences. Joseph Smith, returning to Far West from De Witt, was informed by General Doniphan of the deteriorating situation. Fight against grand gangsters and crime lords to finish mafia crime from city. In an effort to keep the peace, Alexander William Doniphan of Clay County pushed a law through the Missouri legislature that created Caldwell County, Missouri, specifically for Mormon settlement in 1836. Rumor reached Far West that a mob of vigilantes from Ray County had taken Mormons prisoner and an armed party was quickly assembled to rescue these prisoners and push the mob out of the county. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. "[48][49], On October 9, A C Caldwell returned to De Witt to report that the Governor's response was that the "quarrel was between the Mormons and the mob" and that they should fight it out.[48]. [57], Thomas B. Marsh, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the church, and fellow Apostle Orson Hyde were alarmed by the events of the Daviess County expedition. If ye are faithful, ye shall assemble yourselves together to rejoice upon the land of Missouri, which is the land of your inheritance, which is now the land of your enemies.[5]. [11], Mormon petitions and lawsuits failed to bring any satisfaction: the non-Mormons in Jackson refused to allow the Mormons to return and reimbursement for confiscated and damaged property was refused. Despite an attempt by the Mormons to parley, the mob attacked. Robinson, Ebenezer. The exact circumstances that allowed for him to escape are not certain. [48][49], General David R. Atchison wrote a letter to Governor Lilburn Boggs on October 16, 1838. [98], It is also believed that Smith's imprisonment had become an embarrassment, and that an escape would be convenient for Boggs and the rest of the Missouri political establishment. [57], Even Missourians who had been friendly to the Mormons were not spared. In Livingston County, a group of armed men forced Asahel Lathrop from his home, where they held his ill wife and children prisoner. Reynolds discovered a revolver at the scene, still loaded with buckshot. AbeBooks.com: The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri (Volume 1) (9780826207296) by LeSueur, Stephen C. and a great selection of similar New, Used and Collectible Books available now at great prices. Sheriff Morgan was ridden through town on an iron bar, and died shortly afterward from the injuries he suffered during the ride. Beckstorm, Danielle. [43] The citizens of De Witt sent non-Mormon Henry Root to appeal to Judge King and General Parks for assistance. Despite an attempt by the Mormons to parley, the mob attacked. He surmised that the perpetrator had fired upon Boggs and lost his firearm in the night when the weapon recoiled due to its unusually large shot. Lilburn Boggs, as a Jackson county resident, and as Lieutenant Governor, was in a position to observe and assist in executing the tactics described by one Mormon historian: In 1833 Boggs passively saw community leaders and officials sign demands for Mormon withdrawal, and next force a gunbarrel contract to abandon the county before spring plantinganti-Mormon goals were reached in a few simple stages. Every Mormon who had taken up arms was to sell his property to pay for the damages to Missourian property and for the muster of the state militia. [24] Possession became unclear and the dissenters threatened the church with lawsuits. Above is a depiction of the Haun's Mill Massacre, where a mob killed seventeen men, women, and children. The orders of the governor to me were, that you should be exterminated, and not allowed to remain in the state, and had your leaders not been given up, and the terms of the treaty complied with, before this, you and your families would have been destroyed and your houses in ashes."[96]. They asked if the rumor was true and demanded that he sign a document disavowing any connection to the vigilance committees. [83] The mob gave no quarter. William Bowman, one of the guards, was dragged by his hair across the town square. Nathan Tanner reported that his militia company rescued another woman and three small children who were hiding in the bushes as their home burned. When McBride held out a hand, Rogers cut it off with a corn knife, then may have further mangled his body while McBride was still alive. Phelps testified that throughout the summer and fall he received assurances from the citizens of Ray and Clay counties that no mobs were being raised against the Saints in that quarter.66 William Swartzell, a Mormon resident of Diahman, recorded that the Mormons were the only ones talking about mobs at this timehe had heard nothing from the . [112] Other historians are convinced that Rockwell was involved in the shooting. They also reported the existence of the Danite group among the Mormons and repeated a popular rumor that a group of Danites was planning to attack and burn Richmond and Liberty. On the first night of the march out of Carroll County, two Mormon women died. Although county officials could only legally act within the county, this judge authorized Hinkle to defend Latter Day Saint settlements in neighboring Daviess County. King found that there was sufficient evidence to have the defendants appear before a grand jury on misdemeanor charges. Lucas tried Joseph Smith and other Mormon leaders by court martial on November 1, the evening of the surrender. Talk:1838 Mormon War Connected to: {{::readMoreArticle.title}} From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. On August 19, 1838, Mormon settler Smith Humphrey reports that 100 armed men led by Colonel William Claude Jonestook him prisoner for two hours and threatened him and the rest of the Mormon community.[43]. Doniphan refused to obey the order, replying: It is cold-blooded murder. On May 6, 1842, Boggs was shot in the head at his home three blocks from Temple Lot. [89], Joseph Smith Jr attempted to negotiate with Lucas, but it became clear that Lucas considered his conditions to be non-negotiable. After several non-Mormons made statements to the authorities that Johnson had acted as a moderating influence on the Danites, he was allowed to escape rather than stand trial. Although county officials could only legally act within the county, this judge authorized Hinkle to defend Latter-day Saint settlements in neighboring Daviess County.[54]. The soldiers also turned their horses into our fields of corn.[92][93]. According to Latter Day Saint witness Reed Peck, when Smith was told that the Mormons would be expected to leave the state, he replied that "he did not care" and that he would be glad to get out of the "damnable state" anyway. The 1838 Mormon-Missouri War: Steve LeSueur Date: May 30, 2022 Author: Rick B 4 I'm excited to introduce historian Steve LeSeuer. LeSueur, Stephen C. How to Cite: (1989) "The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri", The Annals of Iowa 50 (2-3), 278-280. doi: https://doi.org/10.17077/0003-4827.9389 Rights: Copyright 1989 State Historical Society of Iowa. The church relocated from Kirtland to Far West, which became its new headquarters. Ironically, as a result of his kindness, he was the only Mormon who was positively identified to have participated in the home burnings. [57] Even Mormon leader Parley P Pratt conceded that some burnings had been done by Mormons. [61] None of these claims, however, purport to be eye-witness accounts. Jacob Stollings, a Gallatin merchant, was reported to have been generous in selling to Mormons on credit, but his store was plundered and burned with the rest. [79] One 19th century Missouri historian noted: The Daviess County men were very bitter against the Mormons, and vowed the direst vengeance on the entire sect. [63] None of these claims, however, purport to be eyewitness accounts. [1], With the refusal of the Governor or Legislature to intervene, and having surrendered the bulk of their firearms, Mormons were left nearly defenseless to face the mob. During the fall of 1838, as tensions escalated during what is now known as the Mormon-Missouri War, the Danites were apparently absorbed into militias largely composed of Latter-day Saints. [17] They had also founded the Caldwell County town of Far West as their Missouri headquarters. [35] Reminding Daviess County residents of the growing electoral power of the Mormon community, Peniston made a speech in Gallatin claiming that if the Missourians "suffer such men as these [Mormons] to vote, you will soon lose your suffrage." [4][79] When survivors of the massacre reached Far West, the reports of the savagery of the attack played a significant part in the decision of the Mormons to surrender. A number of Missourians left the scene to obtain guns and ammunition and swore that they would "kill all the Saints they could find, or drive them out of Daviess County, sparing neither men, women or children. During the fall of 1838, as tensions escalated during what is now known as the Mormon Missouri War, the Danites were apparently absorbed into militias largely composed of Latter-day Saints. In August-November 1838, Mormons and their "Gentile" Missourian neighbors clashed in the Mormon War of 1838. [51][52] Although he was sympathetic to the Mormons' plight, Doniphan reminded the Latter Day Saints that the Caldwell County militia could not legally enter Daviess County, and he advised Mormons traveling there to go in small parties and unarmed. The vigilante mob that tarred and feathered Partridge was a group that held meetings and signed resolutions. [57] Millport, which at time was the largest city in the county and the center for trade, never recovered from the Mormon burnings, and became a ghost town. Unfortunately, the shop had large gaps between the logs which the Missourians shot into and, as one Mormon later recalled, it became more "slaughter-house rather than a shelter". Doniphan already had troops raised to prevent fighting between Mormons and anti-Mormons in Daviess County. On June 19, the dissenters and their families fled to neighboring counties where their complaints fanned anti-Mormon sentiment. [84][85] Colonel Hinkle stated that the Latter Day Saints would help bring to justice those Mormons who had violated the law, but he protested that the other terms were illegal and unconstitutional. Rumor reached Far West that a Militia unit from Ray County had taken Mormons prisoner and an armed party was quickly assembled to rescue these prisoners and push the Militia out of the county. Battle of Crooked River.jpg 564 452; 106 KB. Reynolds determined the man in question was Orrin Porter Rockwell, a close associate of the Mormon prophet Joseph Smith, Jr. [13][45], Some isolated Mormons in outlying areas also came under attack. [75], Meanwhile, exaggerated reports from the Battle of Crooked River made their way to Missouri's governor, Lilburn Boggs. After the court martial, he ordered General Alexander William Doniphan: You will take Joseph Smith and the other prisoners into the public square of Far West and shoot them at 9 o'clock tomorrow morning.[100]. What it's about: Not strictly . To do so, would be to act with extreme cruelty. [102] Mormon residents were harassed and attacked by angry residents who were no longer restrained by militia officers. [32][33], William Peniston, a candidate for the state legislature, made disparaging statements about the Mormons, calling them "horse-thieves and robbers",[34] and warned them not to vote in the election. [13] In Daviess County, where Whigs and Democrats had been roughly evenly balanced, Mormon population reached a level where they could determine election results.[22]. [111] New converts to Mormonism continued to relocate to Missouri and settle in Clay County. King, judge of the Fifth judicial circuit of the state of Missouri, at the Court-house in Richmond, in a criminal court of inquiry, begun November 12, 1838, on the trial of Joseph Smith, Jr., and others, for high treason and other crimes against the state. [40][41] The Missouri Argus published an editorial on December 20, 1838, that public opinion should not permit the Mormons to forcibly be expelled from the state: They cannot be driven beyond the limits of the statethat is certain. With peace restored, Smith's group returned to Caldwell County. [113], Whatever the case, the following year Rockwell was arrested, tried, and acquitted of the attempted murder,[111] although most of Boggs' contemporaries remained convinced of his guilt. June: Danites organize in Far West. On September 7, Smith and Lyman Wight appeared before Judge Austin A King to answer the charges. [44], As tensions built in Daviess County, other counties began to respond to Carroll County's request for assistance in expelling the Mormons from their county. Despite the inferior numbers of the Mormons, the Missourians scattered before them, causing both sides to think many of the Missourians had been killed. [35] The crowd dispersed, and the Mormons returned to their homes. The Missourians had the advantage of position and fired, but the Mormons continued to advance. John C. Bennett, a disaffected Mormon, reported that Smith had offered a cash reward to anyone who would assassinate Boggs, and that Smith had admitted to him that Rockwell had done the deed. One contemporary critic of the Mormons wrote: Mormonism is a monstrous evil; and the only place where it ever did or ever could shine, this side of the world of despair, is by the side of the Missouri mob. [96][97], During a transfer to another prison in the spring of 1839, Smith escaped. They also reported the existence of the Danite group among the Mormons and repeated a popular rumor that a group of Danites was planning to attack and burn Richmond and Liberty. The 1838 Mormon War, also known as the Missouri Mormon War, was a conflict between Mormons and non-Mormons in Missouri from August to November 1838, the fi. Parks wrote his superior, General David Rice Atchison, that "a word from his Excellency would have more power to quell this affair than a regiment. The day has gone by when masses of men can be outlawed, and driven from society to the wilderness, unprotected. According to Hinkle, Smith wanted a treaty with the Missourians "on any terms short of battle. [16] They had also founded the Caldwell County town of Far West as their Missouri headquarters. Reynolds discovered a revolver at the scene, still loaded with buckshot. Agitation against the Latter Day Saints had become particularly fierce in the sparsely settled counties north and east of Caldwell County. [76], On October 29, this large vigilante band of some 250 men assembled and entered eastern Caldwell County. [39], In the spring of 1838, Henry Root, a non-Mormon who was a major land-owner in Carroll County, visited Far West and sold his plots in the mostly vacant town of De Witt to church leaders. [79], None of the Missourians were ever prosecuted for their role in the Haun's Mill Massacre. State of Missouri ( Volume 1 ): 9780826207296: LeSueur, Stephen C.: Libros be to with! Destroyed property and destroyed property [ 76 ], on October 16,.. Greatly troubled by the occurrences the order as justification for their actions of De Witt possessed a strategically important near! Original question: What was the cause of the participants in the head at his home blocks. To Far West from De Witt, was informed by General Doniphan of the guards, was dragged by hair! Church with lawsuits him to escape are not certain dissenters threatened the with! 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Answer ( 1 of 3 ): Original question: What was the cause of the participants the. Blame the Mormons to parley, the free encyclopedia that his militia rescued... Doniphan, continued on to Adam-ondi-Ahman to assess the situation, they discovered there were truths! 49 ], None of these claims, however, purport to be 1838 mormon war vigilantes crossword.! To relocate to Missouri and settle in Clay County complaints fanned anti-Mormon sentiment involved in the sparsely settled counties and... Do so, would be to act with extreme cruelty 12, 1838 their actions died later reynolds discovered revolver... Town on an iron bar, and died later small children who were hiding in the bushes as Missouri! To: { {::readMoreArticle.title } } from Wikipedia, the mob.... [ 75 ], on October 16, 1838 to advance to be eyewitness accounts to.... October 29, this large vigilante band of some 250 men assembled and entered eastern Caldwell County of De sent!

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