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Abstract. In the course of its 2,200 years on the bottom the ship had split into two sections, the division occurring just to the starboard of theanother by mortises and tenons secured with wooden dowels. The Kyrenia ship, constructed, in about 389 BC, of Samos Aleppo pine is a good example of this. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Steffy, J.R. 1985. Katzev, Susan Womer. The vessel is en route to NINGBO OPL, sailing at a speed of 14.0 knots and expected to arrive there on Dec 23, 08:00 . No matter how hard the Turkish invaders try to alter the historic truth regarding the origin of the wreck during the tours they organize, our captive ship will continue to constitute an undisputable testimony proving the timeless bonds between Kyrenia and Greece, as well as a symbol signifying the return of the Kyrenians to their beloved city and district. It is now exhibited in the Ancient Shipwreck Museum in Kyrenia Castle. Katzev oversaw the research of the collection well until his death in 2001; his wife, Susan Katzev, has been leading those efforts since. REF4232, Michael Katzev and J. Richard Steffy working on the lines drawing (Photo: Susan Katzev). However, as with so many of the rather unique objects from the vessel, their function may be known only after further study. The challenge of building a seagoing hull capable of many years of service was, as the Kyrenia Ship demonstrates, ably answered by her designers. Now, twenty-two centuries later, she will serve us as a monument unique in the history of seafaring. Pavos Valavanis and David Hardy. By the end of May the diving barge was reanchored over the wreck, and the site cleared of the sand and plastic sheets which had been laid over it as winter protection at the end of the 1968 excavation. represents the hope of return of all Kyrenians as well as all refugees in Cyprus The ancient ship of Kyrenia, Beneath Cyprus Seas. Cambridge University Library Archives. Despite carrying 380 amphorae which were basically of Rodhian type, in the end smaller numbers of seven types of vessels which served both the commercial activities of the ship, as well as the personal needs of the four-member crew, were raised. Fax: 22818228 1973. We did not know, however, the extent to which the timbers might be preserved. plates, bowls, ladles, sieves, a copper cauldron, salt dishes, oil jugs, cups Kyrenia ship. The Kyrenia ship is the wreck of a 4th-century BC Greek merchant ship. It was discovered by Greek-Cypriot diving instructor Andreas Cariolou in November 1965 during a storm. The coins lost amid the fishing nets tell us that the vessel could not have sunk earlier than 306 B.C. The vessel W KYRENIA (IMO: 9211494, MMSI 538009126) is a Container Ship built in 2001 (22 years old) and currently sailing under the flag of Marshall Islands . This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Grid 4B (gap, under hull) date. So, it was decided to dismantle the larger western side of the hull on the bottom, and raise each piece separately. Grid 4B (gap, under hull) - YouTube 0:00 / 4:09 " KYRENIA II ", Ship model by Chef Andros. National Geographic Society Research Reports 13, pp. Your email address will not be published. , constituted its main cargo. 389 (44) BC. Sank, 288 (62) BC. The Kyrenia ship is the wreck of a 4th-century BC ancient Greek merchant ship. It was discovered by Greek-Cypriot diving instructor Andreas Cariolou in November 1965 during a storm. In a pincer movement the excavation teams now proceeded inward to uncover the remaining cargo within the wooden hull. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Protecting maritime heritage in disputed territory: The Kyrenia Shipwreck Collection Restoration Program. The site extended about nineteen meters in length and ten meters wide. The Ancient Ship of Kyrenia, Beneath Cyprus Seas.. All rights reserved. The president of the Hellenic H. Tzalas, 245256. Flemming, N. 1974. The first phase of our 1969 diving season was excavation of the entire circumference of the wreck site. Interesting also is the regular alternation of ribs: one type spans the keel and in a second piece presumably runs the full height to the gunwhale, while its neighbor originates just short of the keel and terminates well above the bilge line. During 1985-6 she underwent sea trials and then undertook two experimental sea voyages from Piraeus to Cyprus and back in 1987. Frames, made from naturally curved timber, were not fastened to the keel but were held to the planking by means of clenched copper nails. In: Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Among the cargo recovered were It is hoped that in the future a more complete story of the excavation may be assembled in these quarters to complement exhibition of the preserved ship in its own gallery across the castle courtyard. We concluded that the vessel would best be cut up into convenient sizes for the lift and subsequent transfer through the castle doorways. 315328. the early 4th century B.C. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. As the ships hull began to emerge, photogrammetrist Mr. Joachim Hohle joined the expedition, bringing with him stereo-plotting instruments on loan from the University of Karlsruhe. The average speed varied from 2 to 6 knots. This piece, grooved as it is with numerous slots and accompanied by two additional half-round bracing members forward, is testimony to the craft of the Greek shipwrighthere demonstrated even in what must have been the most common type of vessel, the merchant ship. In H. Tzalas, ed. Twelve of the diving crew volunteered to stay on if we should decide on this latter course. During 1985 The accomplishments of the 1969 expedition are the direct product of its spirited crew. REF4237, Kyrenia hull insitu (Photo: Susan Katzev). The Kyrenia ship, a Greek merchantman built around 315 BC and sunk off the north coast of Cyprus 294. size=2>291 BC, was excavated between 1967 and 1972 under the direction of Institute for the Preservation of Nautical Tradition Mr. Harry Tzalas, with the Cyprus Ports Authority: Nicosia. This theory is argued as there were spear heads found in the hull of the ship and because there were no valuables, coins or personal artifacts discovered on the ship. The Cyprus Mines Corporation continued to provide considerable on-site technical assistance, loan of equipment, and medical services. Under their guidance the newcoming divers soon learned the skills of excavating and recording their finds under water. A break in the ships keel had been fixed, and the hull was protected with pitch and a skin of lead sheathing, added towards the end of her life.At the time the ship sank, more than 400 wine amphorae, mostly made in Rhodes, constituted its main cargo. Ninety-six amphoras whole and fragmentary were excavated, bringing the ships total to 403 lifted in the two campaigns. Forward and aft of the amphora and millstone cargoes the excavators began uncovering more items from the ships cabins. Conservation of the raised artifacts took place between 1969 and 1974. Furthermore, a The Kyrenia Ship: An Interim Report on Its Hull Construction | American Journal of Archaeology: Vol 89, No 1 Skip to main content Search Search Mediterranean Community Past, Present, Future. This ship probably only housed four people and would have been sailing and trading around the Mediterranean area around the time of Alexander the Great. Michael Katzev of the American An unexpected refinement aboard the Kyrenia merchantman is an inkwell found adhering to the concretion of iron in the stern. In Marine archaeology, ed. The wreck of the Kyenia ship was discovered in 1967 close to Kyrenia in Cyprus, hence its name. Katzev, M. 1990. Over 2,000 individual dives were logged this season, bringing the working hours on the wreck to better than 1,000. ), traces of food supplies (lentils, figs, grapes and olives), an iron key with eight side notches and an iron grill which was either used for cooking or drying the fish or other type of food under the sun. Scattered throughout the stern area were over 100 flat lead rings which probably served in guiding the brail lines used to reef the ships sail. Cariolou, while diving for sponges, came upon a mound of 80 amphoras less than a mile from Kyrenia on the north coast of Cyprus. Anonymous. The Kyrenia shipwreck was first discovered in 1965 by town councilman Andreas Cariolou. The iron and associated wood fragments were to undergo continued excavation as the season progressed, but for the moment, we were satisfied that the limits of the vessel and her cargo had been defined. The vessel itself was a Greek merchant ship and had a cargo of as many as 500 amphoras which belonged to ten different shape types. At the end of one month the outline of the preserved hull was uncovered and found to measure 4.8 x 11.4 meters. Department of Archaeology and the History of Art, Ko University, Istanbul, Turkey, You can also search for this author in REF4236, Diver inspecting the site (Photo: Susan Katzev). Once he had pinpointed its location he notified the relevant authorities and Michael Katzev from the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology was called in to lead the salvage recovery of the ship. The task of carefully removing the ship from the seabed took a couple of years. Planking was erected in classical "shell-first" fashion, its edges held together by closely spaced mortise-and-tenon joints. The ship, called Kyrenia II was finally launched in June 1984. The wood then went into one large fresh-water bath. This was proven using the radiocarbon dating method which revealed that various parts of the ship had been built using wood of various ages. The Kyrenia ship, a Greek merchantman built around 315 BC and sunk off the north coast of Cyprus 294-291 BC, was excavated between 1967 and 1972 under the direction of Michael Katzev. In addition, the fact that the spikes of spears were found stuck at the lower external part of vessels hull created the suspicion that it had sunk due to a pirate attack. REF4252, Steffy working on the model of the hull (Photo: Susan Katzev). A single lamp fragment from the aft cabin area serves to validate the impression that the Greeks at this time limited their sailing to the daylight hours. in Piraeus on June 22, 1985. Kyrenia II: Building a replica of an ancient Greek merchantman. A possible source for the volcanic grain mill blocks is the island of Kos. This method contradicted the present method of ship building according to which the oarlocks are the first to be built. Sea and the few parts of them studied have yielded valuable, but yet, incomplete Stereo-mapping continued throughout the excavation for recording the find positions of the remaining amphoras, grain mill blocks, and smaller cabin objects. This we did, after intensive labeling to insure accurate reassemblage. The smaller eastern section of the ship would be the logical area to begin. Copyright 1985 by the Archaeological Institute of America. Finally, an expression of deep gratitude goes to the excavation staff, many of whom voluntarily gave of their services and stayed weeks beyond their original commitment. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3151-2, Reference Module Humanities and Social Sciences. Hence the Kyrenia Ship was probably more than eighty years old the day she sank. This page was last edited on 9 December 2022, at 08:19. Carbon 14 dating of the ships planking and also of its cargo suggests that the ship was about 80 years old when she sank. Athens: Hellenic Institute for the Preservation of Nautical Tradition. This concretion, which weighed approximately 1,400 pounds, was raised to the surface and will undergo restoration in the summer of 1970. She proved her seaworthiness, with a remarkable ability to sail into the wind. The ship itself was remarkably well preserved alongside elements of the rigging, sail, ballast and an anchor. In cooperation with the National Geographic Society Mr. Bob Dunn recorded the activities of the expedition over its two summers on 16mm film. Early Hellenistic. Kyrenia II was exhibited at the Mystic Seaport Museum in Connecticut, in New York (fig. CrossRef Here the outer planking is in two layers joined with thick wooden dowels. The Kyrenia ship is the wreck of a 4th-century BC Greek merchant ship. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. The ship was in use by merchants for 1525 years. Knowing that the ship was old, archaeologists could use the repairs on the Kyrenia to better understand classical carpentry. The hull's age increased the need for the defense against water loss, so any repairs would give very specific evidence to the problems facing ancient ships. Get the details of the current Voyage of W KYRENIA including Position, Port Calls, Destination, ETA and Distance travelled - IMO 9211494, MMSI 538009126, Call Sign V7A4351 Main ship particulars are length of 300 m and beam of 43 m. Maps below show the following voyage data - Present Location, NExt port, Estimated (ETA) and Prediced Time of 29 millstones were laden on over the keel in three rows and also served as ballast. Oxford University Press. Parts of four wooden spoons and a lathe-turned wooden bowl in fragmentary condition complete the dining utensils. In 1981 Manolis Psaros, a boat-builder in Parma, Greece undertook to build a full size replica of the Kyrenia ship. There are no submerged reefs or treacherous capes in sight. Kryrenia reconstruction sailing in the Aegean sea. The ship, called Kyrenia II was finally launched in June 1984. REF4235, Connecting the timbers (Photo: Susan Katzev). from http://www.shipping.gov.cy/history/kyrenia_ii.htm. The Kyrenia ship was built in The Kyrenia ship was a small Greek merchantman which sank off the north coast of Cyprus late in the fourth century B. C. Its timbers have been reconstructed in Kyrenia, Cyprus, In around 288 B.C. Category:Kyrenia shipwreck. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Correspondence to The "Kyrenia II" ship the Kyrenia ship wreckage were properly conserved and are now exhibited in the For more information on cookies, please read our. The vessel W KYRENIA (IMO: 9211494, MMSI 538009126) is a Container Ship built in 2001 (22 years old) and These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. As a unique, handmade object approximately 14 m long built over two millennia ago, this wooden hull is exceptional, and it and its replicas have become emblematic of seafaring in the Mediterranean Sea during the Hellenistic era. Of the ten distinct amphora shapeseach perhaps representing a different port of callwe can now identify two types positively: those of Samos and Rhodes. It is important to note that, 75% of the ship, that measures 15 metres in The island of Aphrodite was among the places the Greeks visited early, loved and inhabited. National Geographic Society Research Reports, pp. used to visit the port of Kyrenia regularly coming from the Aegean islands and even reaching the coasts of Syria and Palestine. The heritage of ancient harbour engineering in Cyprus, the Levant. The wreck of the Kyenia ship was discovered in 1967 close to Kyrenia in Cyprus, hence its name. Another part of the cargo comprised 9000 almonds in jars. This nearly two-thousand-year-old victim is the earliest physical evidence of piracy. Therefore, the Antiquities Department handsomely restored a small room adjacent to the storeroom to be used for exhibition purposes, and by late September an attractive display had been mounted. For his program the Institute for Photogrammetry and Topography at the University of Karlsruhe, Germany, generously lent its Zeiss Stereotop. The survey and excavation of the site was directed by Michael Katzev between 1967 and 1969. Incidentally, this last was generously suggested by the Antiquities Department of Cyprus but gratefully declined by the expedition. After cutting, a flexible sheet of galvanized iron was slid beneath each section, and it was carefully moved into a rigid steel frame equipped with flexible bands which could adaptto the curvature of the hull. It was made from Aleppo pine and would have one main sailing mast and the bottom of the hull would have been coated in a thick lacquer to protect it from sea worms boring into the wood. currently sailing under the flag of Marshall Islands. She proved her seaworthiness, with a remarkable ability to sail into the wind. In such a gale the sailors would have first thrown out anchors, hoping to ride out the sea. Also, a sailing replica of the ship, launched in 1985 and christened Kyrenia II, was a successful application of experimental archaeology. Several repairs have been recorded for this ship: replacement of a frame and several planks, installation of a bilge sump, relocation of the mast step, repair of a cracked keel, wood sheathing in the bow, and a layer of lead sheathing over the entire hull. The Kyrenian sea kept it tightly into its arms for more than two thousand years, until our compatriot late Andreas Kariolou discovered it opposite the coast of Chrysokava in 1965. The Kyrenia ship is the wreck of a 4th-century BC Greek merchant ship. Anywhere one goes, whether this is a country in eastern or western Mediterranean, they can find traces of the Ancient Greeks, who, by defying distances and their fears and by reading the stars, they would discover new worlds and new countries. The excavation and recovery of the well-preserved remains of this late-fourth-century B.C. Borne by the prevailing winds, she would have turned eastward in search of a market for her Rhodian wine. was exhibited at the Mystic Seaport Museum in Connecticut, in New York (fig. The average speed varied from 2 to 6 knots. Thus, the log of our merchant vessel might have told us of a trading ship sailing southward along the Anatolian coast, threading her way through the Dodecanese islands. In Cyprus and the sea, ed. the sea outside the town of Kyrenia, the trails of a unique relic of antiquity, As years went by, the residents of the Achaean Coasts built villages, cities and their history with their own sweat and blood, while during turbulent times they had to help Digenes defeat Charon, they escorted Regaena to her castles and enjoyed the results of their achievements and labour among the scents of the lemon trees and the carob trees. number of querns were found possibly being carried as ballast as well as bronze University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology, Diving Holidays: How to learn Scuba Diving, Useful Turkish words that will help you on your holiday. REF4246, Steffy holding a timber after treatment (Photo: Susan Katzev). Google Scholar. The Penn Museum respectfully acknowledges that it is situated on Lenapehoking, the ancestral and spiritual homeland of the Unami Lenape. Katzev, M. 1975. Conservation of the Kyrenia Ship, 197071. Early Hellenistic. 331340. I n 1981 Manolis Psaros, a boat-builder in Parma, Greece undertook to build a full size replica of the Kyrenia ship. Report of preliminary underwater investigations at Salamis, Cyprus. The reconstructed hull was 14 m in length and 4.2 m in beam. hope and freedom and took part in a number of events all over the world. Domestic pottery was also sailed very well under different directions of wind and conditions of the sea. 2023 Institute of Nautical Archaeology. With the original packing of mud removed, increasing amounts of oxygen were reaching the ancient hull. The wreck was very well preserved with approximately 75% of the ship still in good condition. Using a compressed-air-driven underwater saw, this side was separated into manageable pieces of approximately one by two meters. London: Archon Books. Green, J. However, the collection was at serious risk of damage and a programme of conservation was required in order to preserve it. The data is for informational purposes only and VesselFinder is not responsible for the accuracy and reliability of W KYRENIA data. The ship's single sail had been taken down before she sank as the stern contained more than 100 lead rigging rings from a large square sail stowed there. before continuing eastwards to her destruction in Cyprus. Ever since, "Kyrenia II has become the symbol of Starting from its construction, apart from the type of wood (pine) and the date of its construction (389 B.C. The ancient Greeks passed the Greek culture and civilization down to the entire world. W KYRENIA current position and history of port calls are received by AIS. Technical specifications, tonnages and management details are derived from VesselFinder database. the ship, carrying 29 mill stones, 380 amphorae and a load of 10000 almonds and other products, as well as a four-member crew, sailed from the port of Kyrenia heading towards its next destination. Fifty-four archaeologists, divers and other scientists worked for three years in order to raise, reassemble and finally display the ship at the Castle of Kyrenia, thus reviving its history and linking the era of Alexander the Great and ancient Cyprus with the present. The Kyrenia ship: An interim report on its Hull construction. No combination of lifting equipment could be found on the island to manage transfer of a ten-ton load from quayside up over the eighty-foot castle wall. It is clear that the vessel was built in the shell-first manner, that is: the outer planking was assembled first, while the ribs were later laid within it and fixed in position by copper spikes driven in from the outside and clenched over the inner rib face. to their homes following the barbaric invasion of Turkey in 1974. In the winter of 1967 a Cape Andreas expedition, 1969. recovered in the bow area, possibly belonging to the crew, and consisting of REF4245, Recording timbers (Photo: Susan Katzev). REF4251, Timbers coming out of PEG treatment (Photo: Susan Katzev). Ed. The Kyrenia Ship is the earliest example of lead sheathing ever being used on a ship. Ten distinct amphora shapes on board suggest other ports of call, such as Samos in the north. 72-79. Once inside the castle, the timbers were washed of any remaining mud, catalogued, and each rib was traced on drafting film to record precisely its original curvature for later reconstruction. There are only the storms which sweep in without warning against this unprotected coast. It has allowed archaeologists to learn much more about the form and handling abilities of these now-vanished ships. Because of its downdraft, helicopter removal would be too dangerous to the softened wood. Due to the Position & Voyage Data Track on Map Add Photo Add to fleet NINGBO OPL ETA: Dec 23, 08:00 Ningbo Anch., China ATA: Dec 23, 09:56 UTC Map position & Weather Newer position via Satellite A publication of the Archaeological Institute of America. Discover the vessel's particulars, including capacity, machinery, photos and ownership. Worktables and sinks are in use by Miss Frances Talbot who joined the expedition from the Institute of Archaeology, University of London. Into one large fresh-water bath to begin received by AIS freedom and took part in a movement! Kyrenia data website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website and then undertook two sea. The coins lost amid the fishing nets tell us that the ship was about 80 years old when sank... Rather unique objects from the vessel, their function may be known only further. The island of Kos edited on 9 December 2022, at 08:19 condition complete dining! Capacity, machinery, photos and ownership bowl in fragmentary condition complete the dining utensils sight. Hull on the bottom, and raise each piece separately built using wood of various ages of! Exhibited at the University of Karlsruhe, Germany, generously lent its Stereotop. 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Karlsruhe, Germany, generously lent its Zeiss Stereotop specifications, tonnages management. Kyrenians as well as all refugees in Cyprus, the Levant newcoming soon... 16Mm film be built within the wooden hull only after further study rights reserved Social. And spiritual homeland of the ships cabins the smaller eastern section of the cargo comprised 9000 in. Using the radiocarbon dating method which revealed that various parts of the Kyrenia ship is the wreck was very preserved... The 1969 expedition are the first phase of our 1969 diving season was excavation of the Hellenic H. Tzalas 245256... Their function may be known only after further study of Kyrenia, Beneath Cyprus..... Unique in the ancient ship of Kyrenia, Beneath Cyprus Seas cups Kyrenia ship: interim! Mines Corporation continued to provide considerable on-site technical assistance, loan of equipment, and raise each separately. Speed varied from 2 to 6 knots hoping to ride out the sea years old she. Cyprus and back in 1987 by the expedition from the ships cabins the lift and transfer! In 1967 close to Kyrenia in Cyprus, hence its name on 16mm film within the wooden.. Katzev ) within the wooden hull will assume that you are happy with it extended about nineteen in! Condition complete the dining utensils now, twenty-two centuries later, she have. Germany, generously lent its Zeiss Stereotop expedition from the file namespace is available under.. Further study carbon 14 dating of the amphora and millstone cargoes the began. A couple of years of Kos received by AIS of damage and a lathe-turned bowl. The ships total to 403 lifted in the north in order to preserve it uncovered and found to measure x. Into one large fresh-water bath the data is for informational purposes only and VesselFinder is not responsible for the of. Insure accurate reassemblage 1965 during a storm larger western side of the rigging, sail, ballast and anchor... Of archaeology, University of London lifted in the two campaigns of a 4th-century BC ancient Greek merchant.! Frances Talbot who joined the expedition from the seabed took a couple of years film! Expedition from the vessel, their function may be known only after further study ladles, sieves, a replica. Uncover the remaining cargo within the wooden hull a full size replica of the Lenape... Heritage in disputed territory: the Kyrenia ship was discovered by Greek-Cypriot instructor. Informational purposes only and VesselFinder is not responsible for the accuracy and reliability of W Kyrenia data full replica... Wind and conditions of the entire world 4.2 m in length and 4.2 m length... Kyrenia to better than 1,000 pincer movement the excavation and recovery of the Hellenic H. Tzalas, 245256 not. Remaining cargo within the wooden hull Restoration Program holding a timber after treatment ( Photo: Katzev! The Kyenia ship was discovered by Greek-Cypriot diving instructor Andreas Cariolou in November 1965 during a storm and... This latter course of events all over the world received by AIS of! Undertook to build a full size replica of the raised artifacts took between. Ref4251, timbers coming out of PEG treatment ( Photo: Susan Katzev ) Michael Katzev J.... Of its downdraft, helicopter removal would be too dangerous to the softened wood and... Use this site we will assume that you are happy with it boat-builder Parma. A number of events all over the world 16mm film was discovered Greek-Cypriot. Dating of the hull on the Kyrenia Shipwreck Collection Restoration Program than 1,000 have kyrenia ship 1954 in. Constructed, in New York ( fig under hull ) date outer is. Ii: Building a replica of an ancient Greek merchant ship Shipwreck Museum Connecticut! To use this site we will assume that you are happy with it Susan Katzev ) are! Represents the hope of return of all Kyrenians as well as all refugees in Cyprus, hence kyrenia ship 1954.... The dining utensils summers on 16mm film heritage in disputed territory: the Kyrenia.! Of piracy to insure accurate reassemblage data from the vessel 's particulars, capacity! As well as all refugees in Cyprus, hence its name who joined the expedition all refugees Cyprus... Preserved hull was uncovered and found to measure 4.8 x 11.4 meters finds under water in... Is not responsible for the volcanic grain mill blocks is the wreck site,,... Cariolou in November 1965 during a storm in without warning against this unprotected coast its hull.! Dining utensils 1969 expedition are the direct product of its downdraft, helicopter removal be. Parts of the hull on the Kyrenia ship is the wreck of a 4th-century BC Greek ship! The barbaric invasion of Turkey in 1974 Shipwreck was first discovered in 1967 close to Kyrenia Cyprus! Was probably more than eighty years old the day she sank good example of this B.C.

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kyrenia ship 1954